I wish to know more about the batteries used in Taurus Electro G2
我想了解更多关于Taurus
Electro G2电池方面的问题。
Battery type is a special-made LiPoly battery,
10 Ah capacity per cell, 25 C discharge rate. The system includes 4 boxes where
the batteries are located, the BMS also. The standard battery configuration is
128 cells, optional are 192 cells. They fit in the same 4 boxes in both cases.
电池是用一种特殊材料的LiPoly电池，每组容量10 Ah，25 C放电率。该系统包括4个电池储存盒 和BMS。标准电池组为128个单元，也可选装192个单元。这两种不同容量的电池组使用完全相同的电池储存盒。
The basic option gives you total capacity of 4.75 kWh, from which it is sensible not to use more than 80% due to battery cell life. Effectively you end up with 3.8 kWh of useful energy. This version fully meets European microlight standards regarding the empty weight! The battery pack weighs 10.5 kg per box, there are 4 boxes, totalling at 42 kg.
基本款中你将拥有总容量为4.75 kWh的电量，因为电池寿命限制原因，只能使用80%的电量。所以实际上可以使用3.8 kWh电量。这个版本是完全符合欧洲对轻型飞机空重的规定!其中每组电池重10.5公斤，4组，共42公斤。
The optional pack adds capacity to reach 7.10 kWh total, again by taking 80% »sensible discharge level« you are effectively at 5.7 kWh of useful
energy. This battery pack weighs 13.9 kg per box, there are also 4 boxes on
board, totalling at 55.6 kg.
我们还提供一个7.10 kWh容量的客户自选电池， 同样使用80%的电量，有效可用电量为 5.7 kWh。其中每组电池重13.9公斤，4组，共计55.6公斤。
What is the endurance of the Taurus Electro G2 in real life?
在真实飞行中Taurus Electro G2的续航时间有多久?
In terms of endurance the following margins apply for the basic battery pack:
以下数据是基本款电池组的续航时间表:
20 kW power output: 11 min 30 sec
30 kW power output: 7 min 40 sec
40 kW power output: 5 min 40 sec (theoretical, expected is 1 min on 40 kW, then
reduced power)
20kw 输出功率：11分30秒
30kw 输出功率：7分40秒
40kw 输出功率：5分40秒(理论上预期以40千瓦输出功率使用1分钟，然后降低功率)
The data may change because of ambient temperature. 80% sensible discharge level is taken into account.
由于环境温度不同，数据可能会有所不同。此数据已考虑到80%的电量使用率。
In terms of endurance the following margins apply for the optional battery
pack:
20 kW power output: 17 min 10 sec
30 kW power output: 11 min 20 sec
40 kW power output: 8 min 35 sec (theoretical, expected is 1 min on 40 kW, then
reduce power)
以下数据是客户自选电池组的续航时间表
20kw 输出功率：17分10秒
30kw 输出功率：11分20秒
40kw 输出功率：8分35秒(理论上预期以40千瓦输出功率使用1分钟，然后降低功率)
The data may change because of ambient temperature. 80% sensible discharge
level is taken into account. Please note that in horizontal flight only 7 kW is
needed, so theoretical endurance reaches 1 hour.
由于环境温度不同，数据可能会改变。此数据已考虑到80%的电量使用率。因为在水平飞行中只需要7千瓦输出功率，所以理论上的续航时间将达到1小时。
What are the variables influencing the top-of-climb capability?
哪些方面会影响到爬升性能？
There are a lot of factors for this, from cockpit load, runway condition (how
much energy you burn for the taxi&take-off), ambient temperature, thermal
properties of different components, controller parameters, etc. Ambient
temperature is the most important factor of all.
有许多因素，比如驾驶舱的负荷，跑道道面状况(滑行和滑跑过程中的能量消耗)，还有环境温度，不同部件的热性能，控制器参数等。其中环境温度是影响爬升性能最重要的因素。
What maintenence is required for the powertrain?
如何对动力传动系统进行维护?
The maintenance is virtually care-free!
Battery system takes care of itself but needs to be recharged to full charge at
least once every 90 days to keep them »healthy«.
Controller maintenence: nothing, just clean the cooling duct.
Motor maintenence: check main bearing for axial free play and tighten main
bearing every 10 hours of motor operation.
此系统基本上是免维护的!
但电池系统自身需要维护，每90天需要充电一次，以保证最佳性能。
控制器:无需维护，只需清理冷却管道。
电机:检查主轴承可以在轴向自由活动，并且每隔10小时拧紧主轴承。
Is it mandatory to wait a long time until engine
is hot before take off?
在起飞前，发动机启动后是否有强制预热时间？
Absolutely not. The colder – the
better for the engine. It will not be recommended to apply full power however
if the batteries are below 5 deg. Celsius.
完全不需要。温度越低对发动机越好。但如果电池温度低于5摄，不建议使用全功率起飞。
How does the Propeller stop and the engine retract? Is it all fully automatic?
螺旋桨如何停转，发动机如何收回?所有都是全自动的吗?
Yes. Fully automatic systems include the brake, which is all electric, and
positioning via a magnetic 16-bit hall-sonde encoder. When the propeller is
correctly positioned, it can retract. The stopping, positioning and retraction
of the propeller work flawlessly at the press of a single button.
是的。这些都是全自动化的，包括螺旋桨刹停，这是通过一个16位磁性hall-sonde编码器定位。当螺旋桨定位正确时，它可以自动收回。也就是说停止、定位和收缩所有步骤你只需按下一个开关，剩下只需等待它自动完成。
Is engine and controller cooling adequate even in the summer time Australian conditions?
在炎热的澳大利亚夏季发动机和控制器的冷却能力是否足够？
The cooling is proving to be sufficient. In any case, there is a protection
logic built in which will slowly reduce the power on the system if it will be
picking up temperature too fast (considers also temperature gradient, not just
limit temperatures!)
已经验证过冷却性能是足够的。在任何情况下，系统都处于保护逻辑下，如果温度过高它会缓慢降低系统的功率(已考虑温度梯度，而不仅仅是限制温度!)
Is it possible to retract the engine right after stopping it, or is it
mandatory to wait while the batteries cool down?
电动机关车后是否可以立即收回引擎？是否必须等待电池冷却?
Batteries essentially do not become over 50 deg.C hot. It’s not necessary to
cool them down – you can retract immediately at any time,
mid-flight or on the ground!
电池基本上不会超过50度。并且没有必要等待冷却——你可以在任何时候，飞行中或者在地面上随时收回动力装置。
Is it possible to extract and restart the engine mid-flight?
是否可以在飞行过程中放出和重启引擎?
Of course. As with the retraction, it is all automatic.
当然可以。和收回一样，所有步骤完全自动。
Is there a recommendation »don’t take-off when the remaining power is
under a certain percent« ?
是否有建议当剩余电量低于一定百分比时，就不要起飞?
The system will not allow you to do that. If less than 3 minutes of battery
endurance is indicated, it will not go to take-off power and it will produce a
warning.
如果电池续航时间小于3分钟，系统将默认禁止起飞，并会发出警告。
How long does it need to charge at 220V?
在220V下需要充电多长时间?
3.5 hours for the standard battery configuration, 5 hours for the optional
configuration. This is when the batteries are completely empty! You can monitor
all this via the ESYS-MAN instrument. Charging is also possible form the Pipistrel’s
Solar Trailer.
标准款为3.5小时，客户自选电池款为5小时。这个时间是在电池完全没有电的情况下测得的!您可以通过ESYS-MAN监控全部充电过程。也可以通过Pipistrel太阳能拖车进行充电。
Is charging with 380 is recommended?
可以使用38V充电吗?
No, the charger is a single-phase 220V or 110V.
不可以，充电器只适用单相220V或110V。
Is there any
built-in safety in case of too high temperature or controller dysfunctions ?
在温度过高或控制器功能失效的情况下，是否有内置的安全保护装置?
There is a multilayer logic in place. The controller takes care of itself. In
case of too high temperature it will first reduce power (up to 5%) and then
switch itself off in case of severe over-heating. BUT BEFORE THIS OCCURS THE
FOLLOWING WILL HAPPEN:
内置有多层逻辑保护装置。当温度过高时，它将首先降低功率(最多5%)，如果严重过热时将自动关闭电源。但在此之前，会有以下几个阶段:
We have an on-board computer now. It measures not only the temperatures of all
components of the system (motor, controller, 4 temperature probes per battery
box etc), but also a bunch of other parameters and has the limit temperatures
as well as limit temperature gradients programmed inside. For example, if the
motor is heating up more than a certain amount of degrees-per-minute, it will
reduce power to track the maximum permitted temperature gradient (slope), in
order not to reach the limit temperature at all. The same goes for the
controller, as well as for the batteries. Manual override is possible, of
course. There are warnings which display on the screen, too.
Taurus 的机载电脑不仅测量系统中各部件的温度(电机、控制器、每个电池组有4个温度探针等)，还测量了一系列其他参数，包括极限温度以及梯度减功率后的温度。例如，如果电动机的温度每分钟增量超过一定值，为了不超过极限温度，它将立刻减少一定功率，然后继续监控温度增量，直到满足逻辑限制。控制器和电池也是一样。当然，人工干预也是可以的。屏幕上也有相应的显示警告。
Will parachute remain usable in case of battery overheat / fire ?
如果万一电池过热着火，降落伞是否还可以用?
Thanks to the super-precise Battery Management System, which was specially
developed by Pipistrel just for Taurus Electro G2, battery issues are extremely
unlikely. Furthermore, the batteries are placed in self-containted metal boxes
in the fuselage. In event of an overheat/fire, the parachute remains fully
functional.
Pipistrel专门为Taurus Electro G2开发了精准的电池管理系统，电池基本上不可能出问题。而且，电池是被存放机身中的金属储存盒里。当然，即使如果真的发生过热火灾，降落伞也可以正常使用。
How is throttle control executed?
如何控制油门?
The system uses throttle-by-wire concept. The throttle input is received at the
ESYS-MAN, filtered with protection logic and the reference for the RPM is then
sent over to the motor controller via CAN bus. It is all very elaborate, not
via a simple potentiometer as it is common with other aircraft.
该系统采用电传操纵理念。油门输入信号来在ESYS-MAN，这一过程中处于保护逻辑下通过CAN总线将RPM信号发送到电机控制器。这是一系列非常复杂的过程，不像其他飞机那样用一个的简单的电位器就可以控制。